SQL injection is one of the most common vulnerabilities in database applications. Attackers exploit this vulnerability to manipulate queries, steal data, or compromise systems. This blog explains SQL injection, demonstrates how it occurs, and provides effective prevention strategies, focusing on PL/SQL.

What is SQL Injection?

SQL injection occurs when attackers insert malicious SQL statements into input fields, which are then executed by the database. This can lead to unauthorized data access, manipulation, or system control.

Preventing SQL Injection

Use Bind Variables

Bind variables separate SQL logic from data, making injection attacks nearly impossible.

Input Validation

Ensure inputs conform to expected formats using validation techniques.

Use Stored Procedures

Stored procedures encapsulate business logic and parameters, minimizing SQL injection risks.

Limit Database Permissions

Restrict database users to execute only necessary operations. A web application user should not have DBA or ALTER privileges.

Regular Code Reviews and Testing

Conduct regular security audits and use tools like Oracle Database Vault or Oracle Audit Vault to monitor suspicious activities.

SQL injection is a serious threat but can be mitigated with best practices like bind variables, input validation, escaping special characters, using stored procedures, and limiting database permissions. By proactively addressing these vulnerabilities, developers can safeguard their applications and data.